Sunday, 25 November 2012

Who Invented the Guitar


The guitar is a musical instrument that generally has six strings. There are many different types of guitars, including acoustic, electric, classical, Portugese, 10 string and 12 string guitars. But who invented the guitar? That is what this post aims to answer.
Who Invented the Guitar
The guitar has roots back to ancient civilizations. Here is a brief history.
  • Ancient Asian and Indian civilizations played instruments similar to guitars.
  • The modern guitar is similar to the Roman cithara (invented in about 40AD). The Moors also invented a four stringed instrument, the oud, based on the design of the cithara.
  • By 1200AD, there were two different types of four string instruments that were very similar to modern guitars. These were the Moorish guitar and the Latin guitar.
  • Gaetano Vinaccia is believed to have invented the very first guitar in 1779. It was invented in Naples, Italy. Some people believe this guitar, which has the signature of Vinaccia and the date 1779, is a fake. However, the majority of historians believe that it is genuine.
  • Classical guitars (also called Spanish guitars) were invented by Antonio Torres Jurado in Seville sometime in the 1850′s.

How a Electric Guitar Works


  • Unlike their acoustic cousins, electric guitars come in an almost infinite array of shapes, sizes and colors. This is because electric guitars do not rely on their body design to amplify sound. However, the non-amplified sound that you hear when playing an unplugged electric guitar is created by the string vibrations in the same manner as an acoustic guitar.

How it Works

  • Electric guitar pickup
    Magnetic "pickups" are what make electric guitars electric. If you look at the body of an electric guitar, the pickups are bars that sit below the strings, near where you would strum. These are usually plastic with metal plugs below each string---these metal plugs are magnets.
  • Electric guitar strings are made of ferromagnetic nickel and steel. This means they are attracted to the magnetic field. In fact, each string is magnetized by the pickups and becomes part of the field.
  • Dual pickups on a 5-string electric bass
    According to the laws of physics, specifically "Faraday's Law," when a magnetic field is disrupted, it creates an electric field. When an electric guitar string is plucked or strummed, it does just this. The vibrating string changes the magnetic field, creating an electromagnetic field that sends an electric current through the copper coils of the pickup.
  • The electric current runs from the pickups to the guitar cord, or plug. From there, the current goes to an amplifier, where it is translated and amplified
  • Changes in the strings vibrations affect the electric current. As you move your hand up and down the frets, pressing down the guitar strings in different places, it changes the way in which the string oscillates, therefore changing the behavior of the current. The amplifier recognizes each change and creates a corresponding sound. When the strings are allowed large oscillations, it creates a deep sound. Short oscillations correspond to high-pitched sounds. This is why the sound grows deeper as you move your fingers up the frets (toward the tuning pegs), further restricting vibrations.

Distortion

  • Distortion is often used with electric guitars, doing exactly what the name implies: distorting the electric signal. This, in turn, distorts the output sound of the amplifier.

25 Secret Ways to Get the Guitar Tone of Your Dreams


We've got 25 great ways to help you make your gear sound great and perform at its best, plenty of which are simple “trade secrets” of the pros that you probably haven’t encountered before. Enjoy!

Tone Tip #1: Clean It Up

Most traditional tube amps have two inputs, one for high gain and the other for low gain, but very few players ever use input 2. Plenty of tone-conscious pros know, however, that plugging into that low-gain input can help clean up fat humbuckers, and in many cases will sweeten your tone.

Tone Tip #2: Pickup Heights

Learn how to tweak your pickup height to optimize your guitar’s response. This makes a lot more of a difference than you might think, and in some unexpected ways!

Tone Tip #3: Pick A Winner

The skinny on the tone of the humble pick. There’s a surprising amount of variation in the sounds that differently shaped and constructed picks produce, and you can use this knowledge to shape your guitar’s voice.


However superlative your pickups, you’ll never get the tone you’re looking for if the wood is working against you. Dive in here for a rundown on the characteristics of different tonewoods used in electric guitar manufacturing.


Obvious? Apparently not … Plenty of guitarists never touch the volume controls on their guitars while playing, but experienced tonehounds know that judicious knob manipulation is one of the secrets to making your guitar and amp work as one. Dig it.


Maybe the stadium rockers look pretty cool with three 100-watt full stacks up on stage, but you’ll never achieve a satisfactory sound by over-matching the amp for your own gig. Learn to get it right, and discover what glorious tone is all about.

Tone Tip #7: Set It Up

Get your guitar set up, and set up right, and you’ll not only sound better, you’ll play better too. Things you can do yourself, and others that it pays to turn over to a pro.

Tone Tip #8: Preamp Tube Tasting

You can go a long way toward fine-tuning your tone just by swapping a single preamp tube in your amplifier. Explore this tip thoroughly to discover how much this knowledge can help shape your voice.

Tone Tip #9: Wobble 101: Get That Bigsby Working!

The Bigsby vibrato is one of the coolest pieces of hardware on the planet, but it definitely requires some tuning and maintenance know-how to keep one working right. Learn the secrets, and groove that retro vibe action.

Tone Tip #10: Speaker Swapping

Learn about the characteristics and performance specs of different replacement speakers, and discover one of the simplest tone tweaks available to the mod-hungry guitarist.


“True bypass” is the big buzz word in the effects world these days, but it might not be the best option in every scenario. Learn where this format can maximize your tone, and where another approach might be a better way to go.

Tone Tip #12: Keep Your Tubes Happy

Clued-in guitarists know that those glowing glass bottles are still the way to go for juicy rich tone, but you need to know a trick or two to help them perform their best, and to keep them healthy and working for you.

Tone Tip #13: Pickup Selection

There’s a booming market in replacement pickups these days, but you need to know a thing or two about how different strengths of pickup interact with your guitar and your amp if you’re ever going to find the right model for your sound.

Tone Tip #14: Output Tubes

Those big output tubes are pretty much all the same, right? Wrong! Each type and make of tube has its own tonal character, and understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each can get you down the road toward your dream tone a lot quicker.

Tone Tip #15: Frets

When was the last time you spared a thought for your humble frets? A long time ago, if ever, I’m willing to bet. Different types of frets do feel and even sound different, however, so a little knowledge in this department can go a long way.

Tone Tip #16: Strings

It all starts with the strings, and strings of different designs, compositions, and gauges can have remarkably different characteristics. You need to know this one before you can even begin to hone your tone.

Tone Tip #17: Speaker Cabinets

You thought the speaker created all the sonic splendor? Think again, Batman — this unsung wooden box contributes a surprising amount to the final sound of your guitar and amp, and different kinds of speaker cabs have remarkably different tonal signatures.

Tone Tip #18: Effects Pedals, Pt1

The first of a two-parter; this one helps you get your pedals in the right order for you, and examines some of the differences a little mixing and matching can make.

Tone Tip #19: Effects Pedals, Pt2

More on maximizing your effects usage, with a look at what goes where regarding amplifiers’ effects loops.

Tone Tip #20: Guitar Cords

No, not Gm7—that’s chords with an “h”—but the long thin things you use to plug your guitar into your amp. Simple, they work or they don’t work, right? Not so fast … a quality cord (lead, cable) can greatly improve your tone, while a poor one can make you sound dull and lifeless. Read on …

Tone Tip #21: Tube Amp Maintenance

Don’t sell that great old tube amp when its tone starts to slip — get it tuned up, and chances are it will sound better than ever. Check out this Tip for some things you can do yourself, and others you can advise a qualified professional to undertake for you.


Learn to hear the sound in the wood, and you’ll fast track yourself to landing the right electric guitar, and achieving the tone of your dreams.

Tone Tip #23: Acoustic Tonewoods

A guide to the sounds of the most popular tonewoods used in acoustic guitar manufacturing, and how to choose the right wood for your music.


Guitar finishes — they look pretty, and when they wear out you get them refinished. End of story? Not so fast … the appearance of any guitar’s finish is just the beginning, and the type and method of application can actually affect how your guitar sounds.


Sometimes they might look a lot like guitar cords, but genuine speaker cables (used to connect an amp head to a speaker cabinet) are actually a lot different inside, and using the wrong thing can damage your tone, and your gear. How to spot ’em, and even make your own.

4 Simple Tips To Enhance Your Rhythm Guitar Lessons


Rhythm guitar lessons are just as important as learning how to solo or play lead. In fact, many noteworthy guitar players agree that learning to play solid rhythm guitar is an ideal foundation for an aspiring lead guitar player who wishes to bust out screaming hot licks and nasty pinch harmonics.
There are many rhythm guitar lessons available today and many music schools offer a rhythm guitar course. But if you don't have time to go to your nearest music school for guitar lessons, you can find a rhythm guitar lesson online or sign up for a rhythm guitar lesson on the internet. It is easy to find websites that offer guitar tutorials; and if in the old days guitarists learned by ear or from tab, today's guitarists will learn faster on video.
But how does an aspiring guitarist really put into action what has learned about playing rhythm guitar? How can he further develop his guitar playing abilities?
Here are four simple tips on how to support what you have learned from your rhythm guitar tutorials. These are meant to hasten your guitar playing abilities and shorten your journey to being a guitar god.
Take Group Lessons
Learning guitar in a group is a great way of developing your guitar playing skill, plus you can share what you have learned from your rhythm guitar lessons online. Learning guitar alone can sometimes be difficult for a beginner, and having someone to show you how to do something the right way is a big plus. You are also able to have a small circle of guitar enthusiasts for jam sessions, with group participants learning, exchanging ideas, and enjoying the music.
Play Along With Favorites
One of the best ways to develop your rhythm guitar playing ability is to learn rhythm guitar parts of your favorite songs and jam along with the song as if you were part of band. This not only develops your ability to play by ear, but also teaches you how to learn songs by ear, and easily catch chord progressions. Learning as many rhythm guitar parts possible also teaches you different rhythm guitar riffs that you can put to use in your own songs, or to simply show off to your guitar learning buddies.
Keep Learning New Riffs
You have to keep learning new riffs. You can start out by simply finding these on the internet and practicing them at home, or from guitar magazines who offer riffs for popular songs.
Practice and Improvise
Learning rhythm guitar will take time, and how fast you learn also depends on how much time you devote to practice, and how much patience you have since you may end up doing the


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Difference Between Lead Guitar And Rhythm Guitar


Lead guitar and Rhythm guitar. You've heard about both, but aren't quite sure of the difference between the two. That's understandable, as most beginners (myself included when I was at that stage) are confused by all of the different terms used to describe guitar related things. In this lesson, we'll go over both the Lead and Rhythm guitar.
The Lead guitar
To put it simply, the Lead guitarist in a band is the one who plays melodies, single notes (and not as many chords), riffs and solos.
Lead guitarists are responsible for providing the most noticeable guitar sound of the song. As a result, lead guitarists must master several more techniques than rhythm guitarists must. These techniques include the basics such as hammer-ons, pull-offs, bends and slides, plus more advanced techniques like arpeggios and trills.
Lead guitarists are, essentially, in the spotlight. They have to be very skilled, as if they mess up, it'll be pretty noticeable to those listening. They also must be able to improvise--they must be able to come up with catchy riffs, solid solos and good melodies. It takes a lot of practice and knowledge to become a skilled Lead guitarist.
The Rhythm guitar
You're probably thinking by now that the Rhythm guitar is much easier to play than the Lead guitar is. That isn't an accurate statement, though. Rhythm guitarists, too, must master several things that Lead guitarists really don't have to.
Rhythm guitarists are responsible for the timing (rhythm) of the music. They must play the chords that hold the music together. Without a good Rhythm guitarist, the music as a whole suffers no matter how good the Lead guitarist is.
Rhythm guitarists must master the ability to switch quickly and efficiently between chords. They must also be able to strum well and must master the basic hammer-on, pull-off, slide, and bend techniques. Rhythm guitarists must also make sure that what they are playing is in sync with what the drummer and bassist are playing
While Rhythm guitarists play an integral role in the music, they are often overlooked. This is because the Lead guitarist's playing (which is usually amped louder so that it can be heard over the drums and Rhythm guitar) often overshadows what the Rhythm guitarist does.
Which should I learn to play?
The most skilled guitarists, in my opinion, are those who have the ability to play both Lead and Rhythm guitar. For that reason, it is worth mastering both styles of guitar. That is to say, it is a terrific idea to master not just the techniques associated with Lead guitar(all the basics plus trills, arpeggios and other advanced techniques) but also those associated with Rhythm guitar(the basics plus quick chord switching, good strumming and good timing). Those guitarists who have mastered both techniques are highly skilled musicians.
Gray Rollins is a featured writer for GuitarsLand.com. If you're interested in learning more about lead guitars [http://www.guitarsland.com/leadguitar/] or you want to learn how to play the guitar [http://www.guitarsland.com/learntoplay/], then visit the Guitars Land.


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What Are Guitar Modes?


MODES

Modes are basically scales that are derived from the major scale. The only difference is that they have some flatted or sharped notes. For example: the interval pattern for the major scale was R (root)-2-3-4-5-6-7-O (octave) and the steps went W-W-H-W-W-W-H... The Dorian Mode has an interval pattern of R-2-♭3 (♭=flat) -4-5-6-♭7-O so its steps went W-H-W-W-W-H-W...
So guess what... All of the modes listed below use the same patterns!! The only other difference is where the root note is... You just follow the same pattern but use a different root note... pretty neat huh.
Notes (Degrees --> Roman Numerals) of the Major Scales.
ScaleIII / IXIIIIV / XIVVI / XIIIVIII (octave)
AABC♯DEF♯G♯A
A♯A♯B♯C♯♯D♯E♯F♯♯G♯♯A♯
B♭B♭CDE♭FGAB♭
BBC♯D♯EF♯G♯A♯B
CCDEFGABC
C♯C♯D♯E♯F♯G♯A♯B♯C♯
D♭D♭E♭FG♭A♭B♭CD♭
DDEF♯GABC♯D
D♯D♯E♯F♯♯G♯A♯B♯C♯♯D♯
E♭E♭FGA♭B♭CDE♭
EEF♯G♯ABC♯D♯E
FFGAA♯CDEF
F♯F♯G♯A♯BC♯D♯E♯F♯
G♭G♭A♭B♭C♭D♭E♭FG♭
GGABCDEF♯G
G♯G♯A♯B♯C♯D♯E♯F♯♯G♯
A♭A♭B♭CD♭E♭FGA♭
So you can be using one pattern and it is really several different modes in the same key the key is determined by the major scale. For example: The E major scale follows the same pattern as the F# Dorian mode. The only difference --> Where the Root note lies.
Below are examples of all seven of the modes. Notice the chords for the dorian mode are Minor, Minor Sevenths, and Minor Ninths. Also notice that the chords for the major scale are Major, Major Sevenths, Major Ninths, and Elevenths. In other words you can use E major, major 7th, etc. chord with the E major scale, and you can use F# minor, minor 7th, and minor 9th chords with the F# Dorian Mode. But remember the E major scale is also the F# Dorian Mode (Just a different root note)... So you can use all of those chords with the F# Dorian Mode and the E major scale that's 7 different chords that you can use. But don't forget that there are several other modes to get chords from for a grand total of... 20 different chords that can be played with one pattern!!

IONIAN (MAJOR SCALE)

Description:This scale is used as base scale from which other modes and scales come from.
Quality:Happy or Upbeat quality
Musical Styles:Rock, Country, Jazz, Fusion
Chords:Major Chords
Intervals:(W - Whole Step, H - Half Step)
Root -2-3-4-5-6-7-Octave
W-W-H-W-W-W-H

FULL PATTERN: E MAJOR SCALE (IONIAN MODE)

Full Pattern: E Major Scale
You may place a given pattern anywhere on the fretboard. You will know what scale it is by what note the root is at that position. For example... on the 4th string 2nd fret the note is an E that is why this is an E major scale if you moved the whole pattern over one fret so that the Blue dot (Root Note) is on the 4th string 3rd fret the scale would then be the F major scale.

DORIAN

Description:This is the major scale with a flat 3rd and 7th note
Quality:Jazzy, Sophisticated, Soulful
Musical Styles:Jazz, Fusion, Blues, and Rock
Chords:Minor, Minor 7th, Minor 9th
Intervals:(W - Whole Step, H - Half Step, R - Root, O - Octave, ♭ - flat, # - sharp)
R-2-♭3-4-5-6-♭7-O
W-H-W-W-W-H-W

FULL PATTERN: F# DORIAN MODE

Full Pattern: F# Dorian Mode

PHRYGIAN

Description:This is the major scale with a flat 2nd, 3rd, 6th, and 7th note
Quality:Spanish Flavor
Musical Styles:Flamenco, Fusion, Speed Metal
Chords:Minor, Minor 7th
Intervals:(W - Whole Step, H - Half Step, R - Root, O - Octave, ♭ - flat, # - sharp)
R-♭2-♭3-4-5-♭6-♭7-O
H-W-W-W-H-W-W

FULL PATTERN: G# PHRYGIAN MODE

Full Pattern: G# Phrygian Mode

LYDIAN

Description:This is the major scale with a sharp 4th note
Quality:Airy
Musical Styles:Jazz, Fusion, Rock, Country
Chords:Major, Major 7th, Major 9th, Sharp 11th
Intervals:(W - Whole Step, H - Half Step, R - Root, O - Octave, ♭ - flat, # - sharp)
R-2-3-#4-5-6-7-O
W-W-W-H-W-W-H

FULL PATTERN: A LYDIAN MODE

Full Pattern: A Lydian Mode

MIXOLYDIAN

Description:This is the major scale with a flat 7th note
Quality:Bluesy
Musical Styles:Blues, Country, Rockabilly, and Rock
Chords:Dominant Chords
Intervals:(W - Whole Step, H - Half Step, R - Root, O - Octave, ♭ - flat, # - sharp)
R-2-3-4-5-6-♭7-O
W-W-H-W-W-H-W

FULL PATTERN: B MIXOLYDIAN MODE

Full Pattern: B Mixolydian Mode

AEOLIAN (MINOR SCALE)

Description:This is the major scale with a flat 3rd, 6th, and 7th note
Quality:Sad, Sorrowful
Musical Styles:Pop, Blues, Rock, Heavy Metal, Country, Fusion
Chords:Minor Chords
Intervals:(W - Whole Step, H - Half Step, R - Root, O - Octave, ♭ - flat, # - sharp)
R-2-♭3-4-5-♭6-♭7-O
W-H-W-W-H-W-W

FULL PATTERN: C# AEOLIAN MODE

Full Pattern: C# Aeolian Mode

LOCRIAN

Description:This is the major scale with a flat 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th, and 7th note
Quality:Sinister
Musical Styles:Jazz, Fusion
Chords:Diminished, Minor 7th Flat Fives
Intervals:(W - Whole Step, H - Half Step, R - Root, O - Octave, ♭ - flat, # - sharp)
R-♭2-♭3-4-♭5-♭6-♭7-O
H-W-W-H-W-W-W

FULL PATTERN: D# LOCRIAN MODE

Full Pattern: D# Locrian Mode

How to Be a Lead Guitarist


  1. Learn the notes on the guitar as well as tab. this will enhance your flexibility in playing styles and soloing (especially since jazz guitar is only written in standard notation).

  2. Know the chord progressions. This will make it easy to write songs and write a part to others songs. Learn the major chords (A,B,C,D,E,F,G) then get the corresponding minor, and power chords. If you intend on playing jazz, you will need to learn 7th, major 7th, minor 7th, diminished, augmented, and many more. If you play other styles, learning these chords will make your music sound much more interesting.

  3. Learn the different modes in music
    . These modes with help you a lot in the long run as they are absolutely critical to writing music.

  4. Find a band
    . Some will have auditions, some you may have to hold auditions. You will have to practice a lot if you are serious on being the lead guitarist for someone.

  5. Learn to solo
    . When you solo you can wow the crowd, or hurt them. Listen to great solos from highly successful songs. there are instructions on this subject as this is a huge part of being a lead guitarist.

    Being a lead guitarist may not get as much recognition as being the lead vocalist, but don't let that discourage you. Many people could be playing air guitar to your songs.
    Never pack a solo with everything you know. Breathe in your music, and give the audience time to appreciate what you just did.